Essentials

Introduction

The Julia standard library contains a range of functions and macros appropriate for performing scientific and numerical computing, but is also as broad as those of many general purpose programming languages. Additional functionality is available from a growing collection of available packages. Functions are grouped by topic below.

Some general notes:

  • Except for functions in built-in modules (Pkg, Collections, Test and Profile), all functions documented here are directly available for use in programs.
  • To use module functions, use import Module to import the module, and Module.fn(x) to use the functions.
  • Alternatively, using Module will import all exported Module functions into the current namespace.
  • By convention, function names ending with an exclamation point (!) modify their arguments. Some functions have both modifying (e.g., sort!) and non-modifying (sort) versions.

Getting Around

```@docs Base.exit Base.quit Base.atexit Base.atreplinit Base.isinteractive Base.whos Base.summarysize Base.edit(::AbstractString, ::Integer) Base.edit(::Any) Base.@edit Base.less(::AbstractString) Base.less(::Any) Base.@less Base.clipboard(::Any) Base.clipboard() Base.reload Base.require Base.compilecache Base.precompile Base.include Base.include_string Base.include_dependency Base.Docs.apropos Base.which(::Any, ::Any) Base.which(::Symbol) Base.@which Base.methods Base.methodswith Base.@show Base.versioninfo Base.workspace ans


## All Objects

```@docs
Core.:(===)
Core.isa
Base.isequal(::Any, ::Any)
Base.isequal(::Nullable, ::Nullable)
Base.isless
Base.isless(::Nullable, ::Nullable)
Base.ifelse
Base.lexcmp
Base.lexless
Core.typeof
Core.tuple
Base.ntuple
Base.object_id
Base.hash
Base.finalizer
Base.finalize
Base.copy
Base.deepcopy
Core.isdefined
Base.@isdefined
Base.convert
Base.promote
Base.oftype
Base.widen
Base.identity

Types

```@docs Base.supertype Core.:(<:) Base.:(>:) Base.subtypes Base.typemin Base.typemax Base.realmin Base.realmax Base.maxintfloat Base.sizeof(::Type) Base.eps(::Type{<:AbstractFloat}) Base.eps(::AbstractFloat) Base.promote_type Base.promote_rule Core.getfield Core.setfield! Base.fieldoffset Core.fieldtype Base.isimmutable Base.isbits Base.isleaftype Base.typejoin Base.typeintersect Base.Val Base.Enums.@enum Base.instances


## Generic Functions

```@docs
Core.Function
Base.method_exists
Core.applicable
Core.invoke
Base.invokelatest
Base.:(|>)
Base.:(∘)

Syntax

```@docs Core.eval Base.@eval Base.evalfile Base.esc Base.@inbounds Base.@inline Base.@noinline Base.@nospecialize Base.gensym Base.@gensym Base.@polly Base.parse(::Any, ::Any) Base.parse(::Any)


## Nullables

```@docs
Base.Nullable
Base.get(::Nullable, ::Any)
Base.isnull
Base.unsafe_get

System

```@docs Base.run Base.spawn Base.DevNull Base.success Base.process_running Base.process_exited Base.kill(::Base.Process, ::Integer) Base.Sys.set_process_title Base.Sys.get_process_title Base.readandwrite Base.ignorestatus Base.detach Base.Cmd Base.setenv Base.withenv Base.pipeline(::Any, ::Any, ::Any, ::Any...) Base.pipeline(::Base.AbstractCmd) Base.Libc.gethostname Base.getipaddr Base.Libc.getpid Base.Libc.time() Base.time_ns Base.tic Base.toc Base.toq Base.@time Base.@timev Base.@timed Base.@elapsed Base.@allocated Base.EnvHash Base.ENV Base.Sys.isunix Base.Sys.isapple Base.Sys.islinux Base.Sys.isbsd Base.Sys.iswindows Base.Sys.windows_version Base.@static


## Errors

```@docs
Base.error
Core.throw
Base.rethrow
Base.backtrace
Base.catch_backtrace
Base.assert
Base.@assert
Base.ArgumentError
Base.AssertionError
Core.BoundsError
Base.DimensionMismatch
Core.DivideError
Core.DomainError
Base.EOFError
Core.ErrorException
Core.InexactError
Core.InterruptException
Base.KeyError
Base.LoadError
Base.MethodError
Base.NullException
Core.OutOfMemoryError
Core.ReadOnlyMemoryError
Core.OverflowError
Base.ParseError
Base.ProcessExitedException
Core.StackOverflowError
Base.SystemError
Core.TypeError
Core.UndefRefError
Core.UndefVarError
Base.InitError
Base.retry
Base.ExponentialBackOff

Events

```@docs Base.Timer(::Function, ::Real, ::Real) Base.Timer Base.AsyncCondition Base.AsyncCondition(::Function)


## Reflection

```@docs
Base.module_name
Base.module_parent
Base.@__MODULE__
Base.fullname
Base.names
Core.nfields
Base.fieldnames
Base.fieldname
Base.fieldcount
Base.datatype_module
Base.datatype_name
Base.isconst
Base.function_name
Base.function_module(::Function)
Base.function_module(::Any, ::Any)
Base.functionloc(::Any, ::Any)
Base.functionloc(::Method)
Base.@functionloc

Internals

@docs Base.gc Base.gc_enable Base.macroexpand Base.@macroexpand Base.@macroexpand1 Base.expand Base.code_lowered Base.@code_lowered Base.code_typed Base.@code_typed Base.code_warntype Base.@code_warntype Base.code_llvm Base.@code_llvm Base.code_native Base.@code_native Base.precompile